Summary
Electron carrier coenzymes that shuttle electrons from catabolic reactions to the electron transport chain.
In depth
NAD+ accepts two electrons and a proton to become NADH (used in catabolism); NADPH is used in anabolism and antioxidant defence. FAD is more tightly bound and yields less ATP. Niacin and riboflavin supply them.
Coenzymes carry electrons between reactions. NAD+ is regenerated by the electron transport chain or fermentation. Both are derived from B vitamins.
Remember: NADH is the oxidised-to-reduced form carrying high-energy electrons.
Frequently asked questions
What is NAD and FAD?
Electron carrier coenzymes that shuttle electrons from catabolic reactions to the electron transport chain.
Which area of biology covers NAD and FAD, and how advanced is it?
NAD and FAD is one of the 53 topics in Metabolism & Bioenergetics. It is rated Intermediate, so it suits learners who already know the core vocabulary. Related topics in this area include Anabolism and Catabolism, Metabolism, ATP Yield from Glucose.
Can you give an example of NAD and FAD?
NAD+ levels are linked to sirtuins and ageing research.
What should I learn before NAD and FAD?
Work through the Beginner topics in Metabolism & Bioenergetics first, such as Metabolism, Anabolism and Catabolism, ATP, then return to NAD and FAD. Intermediate topics assume the Beginner vocabulary.
What topics are related to NAD and FAD?
The closest topics to NAD and FAD are Anabolism and Catabolism, Metabolism, ATP Yield from Glucose, Reactive Oxygen Species. Comparing them side by side is a good way to see how the ideas connect.
How can I check that I understand NAD and FAD?
Read the summary and the in-depth section, then use the quick check on the interactive lesson for NAD and FAD. To practise the whole of Metabolism & Bioenergetics, use the Metabolism & Bioenergetics quiz.
How is NAD and FAD different from Anabolism and Catabolism?
NAD and FAD: Electron carrier coenzymes that shuttle electrons from catabolic reactions to the electron transport chain. Anabolism and Catabolism: Anabolic reactions build complex molecules using energy; catabolic reactions break them down to release energy. Read both side by side and note what each one explains.
How should I study NAD and FAD step by step?
First, read the summary and write the definition in your own words. Second, read the in-depth section and note any example. Third, compare it with Anabolism and Catabolism and explain the difference aloud. Finally, take the Metabolism & Bioenergetics quiz and come back to this page for any question you miss.