Summary
The pH scale measures hydrogen ion concentration; buffers resist pH change to keep conditions stable in cells.
In depth
pH is the negative log of hydrogen ion concentration, so each unit is a tenfold change. Cells operate near pH 7.2 to 7.4, and blood is kept at 7.35 to 7.45. Enzyme shape depends on pH, so small shifts alter activity.
Buffers contain a weak acid and its conjugate base that absorb added H+ or OH-. In blood the bicarbonate system (CO2 plus water, carbonic acid, bicarbonate) is the main buffer.
Frequently asked questions
What is pH and Buffers?
The pH scale measures hydrogen ion concentration; buffers resist pH change to keep conditions stable in cells.
Which area of biology covers pH and Buffers, and how advanced is it?
pH and Buffers is one of the 51 topics in Biomolecules & Biochemistry. It is rated Beginner, so it suits learners who are starting out in biology. Related topics in this area include Factors Affecting Enzymes, Cofactors and Coenzymes, Active Site.
Can you give an example of pH and Buffers?
During hard exercise, lactic acid is buffered to avoid a sharp pH drop.
What should I learn before pH and Buffers?
pH and Buffers is a Beginner topic, so no earlier topic is required. Other Beginner topics in Biomolecules & Biochemistry that pair well with it include Water Properties, Carbon Chemistry, Carbohydrates.
What topics are related to pH and Buffers?
The closest topics to pH and Buffers are Factors Affecting Enzymes, Cofactors and Coenzymes, Active Site, Allosteric Regulation. Comparing them side by side is a good way to see how the ideas connect.
How can I check that I understand pH and Buffers?
Read the summary and the in-depth section, then use the quick check on the interactive lesson for pH and Buffers. To practise the whole of Biomolecules & Biochemistry, use the Biomolecules & Biochemistry quiz.
How is pH and Buffers different from Factors Affecting Enzymes?
pH and Buffers: The pH scale measures hydrogen ion concentration; buffers resist pH change to keep conditions stable in cells. Factors Affecting Enzymes: Temperature, pH, substrate and enzyme concentration, and inhibitors all alter the rate of enzyme-catalysed reactions. Read both side by side and note what each one explains.
How should I study pH and Buffers step by step?
First, read the summary and write the definition in your own words. Second, read the in-depth section and note any example. Third, compare it with Factors Affecting Enzymes and explain the difference aloud. Finally, take the Biomolecules & Biochemistry quiz and come back to this page for any question you miss.