Summary
RNA viruses like HIV that use reverse transcriptase to make DNA that integrates into the host genome.
In depth
HIV carries two RNA copies and enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease. Integration into the host genome creates a provirus; antiretroviral drugs target these enzymes, with combination therapy suppressing the virus.
Reverse transcription makes errors, so HIV evolves rapidly. Integration makes latent reservoirs that persist during therapy. Combination antiretroviral therapy keeps resistance low.
Example: HIV-1 reservoirs in resting memory T cells prevent cure.
Frequently asked questions
What is Retroviruses?
RNA viruses like HIV that use reverse transcriptase to make DNA that integrates into the host genome.
Which area of biology covers Retroviruses, and how advanced is it?
Retroviruses is one of the 52 topics in Immunology & Disease. It is rated Intermediate, so it suits learners who already know the core vocabulary. Related topics in this area include Viruses, Bacterial vs Viral Infections, HIV and AIDS.
Can you give an example of Retroviruses?
Protease inhibitors block maturation of new HIV particles.
What should I learn before Retroviruses?
Work through the Beginner topics in Immunology & Disease first, such as Immune System, Viruses, Innate Immunity, then return to Retroviruses. Intermediate topics assume the Beginner vocabulary.
What topics are related to Retroviruses?
The closest topics to Retroviruses are Viruses, Bacterial vs Viral Infections, HIV and AIDS, B Lymphocytes. Comparing them side by side is a good way to see how the ideas connect.
How can I check that I understand Retroviruses?
Read the summary and the in-depth section, then use the quick check on the interactive lesson for Retroviruses. To practise the whole of Immunology & Disease, use the Immunology & Disease quiz.
How is Retroviruses different from Viruses?
Retroviruses: RNA viruses like HIV that use reverse transcriptase to make DNA that integrates into the host genome. Viruses: Non-cellular infectious particles of genetic material in a protein coat that reproduce only inside host cells. Read both side by side and note what each one explains.
How should I study Retroviruses step by step?
First, read the summary and write the definition in your own words. Second, read the in-depth section and note any example. Third, compare it with Viruses and explain the difference aloud. Finally, take the Immunology & Disease quiz and come back to this page for any question you miss.