Summary
A nucleic acid genome enclosed in a capsid, sometimes with an outer lipid envelope and spike proteins.
In depth
Capsids are helical (tobacco mosaic virus), icosahedral (adenovirus) or complex (T4 phage). Envelope viruses are acquired from host membrane and are fragile, destroyed by soap. Spikes bind specific host receptors, determining tropism.
Capsid proteins (capsomeres) self-assemble. Envelope proteins determine host cell entry. Bacteriophages have heads, tails and fibres.
Remember: enveloped viruses are inactivated by detergents and alcohol.
Frequently asked questions
What is Virus Structure?
A nucleic acid genome enclosed in a capsid, sometimes with an outer lipid envelope and spike proteins.
Which area of biology covers Virus Structure, and how advanced is it?
Virus Structure is one of the 52 topics in Immunology & Disease. It is rated Intermediate, so it suits learners who already know the core vocabulary. Related topics in this area include Viruses, Viral Replication Cycle, Natural Killer Cells.
Can you give an example of Virus Structure?
HIV gp120 binds CD4.
What should I learn before Virus Structure?
Work through the Beginner topics in Immunology & Disease first, such as Immune System, Viruses, Innate Immunity, then return to Virus Structure. Intermediate topics assume the Beginner vocabulary.
What topics are related to Virus Structure?
The closest topics to Virus Structure are Viruses, Viral Replication Cycle, Natural Killer Cells, Toll-Like Receptors. Comparing them side by side is a good way to see how the ideas connect.
How can I check that I understand Virus Structure?
Read the summary and the in-depth section, then use the quick check on the interactive lesson for Virus Structure. To practise the whole of Immunology & Disease, use the Immunology & Disease quiz.
How is Virus Structure different from Viruses?
Virus Structure: A nucleic acid genome enclosed in a capsid, sometimes with an outer lipid envelope and spike proteins. Viruses: Non-cellular infectious particles of genetic material in a protein coat that reproduce only inside host cells. Read both side by side and note what each one explains.
How should I study Virus Structure step by step?
First, read the summary and write the definition in your own words. Second, read the in-depth section and note any example. Third, compare it with Viruses and explain the difference aloud. Finally, take the Immunology & Disease quiz and come back to this page for any question you miss.