Summary
A segment of DNA that carries the instructions for making a particular protein or RNA.
In depth
Genes are units of heredity located at fixed positions (loci) on chromosomes. A typical human gene has exons and introns, regulatory regions such as promoters, and gives a protein or a functional RNA. Humans have about 20,000 protein-coding genes covering only around 1.5 percent of the genome.
Genes differ greatly in size; dystrophin is over 2 million base pairs.
Key idea: a gene is best defined by function: a DNA sequence that produces a functional product.
Frequently asked questions
What is Gene?
A segment of DNA that carries the instructions for making a particular protein or RNA.
Which area of biology covers Gene, and how advanced is it?
Gene is one of the 54 topics in Genetics. It is rated Beginner, so it suits learners who are starting out in biology. Related topics in this area include Chromosomes, Genetic Linkage Mapping, Mutations.
What should I learn before Gene?
Gene is a Beginner topic, so no earlier topic is required. Other Beginner topics in Genetics that pair well with it include Heredity, Allele, Genotype and Phenotype.
What topics are related to Gene?
The closest topics to Gene are Chromosomes, Genetic Linkage Mapping, Mutations, Sex Chromosomes. Comparing them side by side is a good way to see how the ideas connect.
How can I check that I understand Gene?
Read the summary and the in-depth section, then use the quick check on the interactive lesson for Gene. To practise the whole of Genetics, use the Genetics quiz.
How is Gene different from Chromosomes?
Gene: A segment of DNA that carries the instructions for making a particular protein or RNA. Chromosomes: Thread-like structures of DNA and protein carrying genes; humans have 46 in 23 pairs. Read both side by side and note what each one explains.
How should I study Gene step by step?
First, read the summary and write the definition in your own words. Second, read the in-depth section and note any example. Third, compare it with Chromosomes and explain the difference aloud. Finally, take the Genetics quiz and come back to this page for any question you miss.