Summary
Excitatory inputs depolarise the postsynaptic cell while inhibitory ones hyperpolarise it.
In depth
EPSPs depolarise (often via glutamate opening Na+ channels), IPSPs hyperpolarise (GABA opening Cl- channels). The balance of excitation and inhibition shapes neural circuits; too little inhibition can lead to seizures.
The net effect depends on the sum of excitation and inhibition. Dendritic location matters: inhibition near the soma is powerful.
Remember: whether a transmitter excites or inhibits depends on the receptor.
Frequently asked questions
What is Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses?
Excitatory inputs depolarise the postsynaptic cell while inhibitory ones hyperpolarise it.
Which area of biology covers Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses, and how advanced is it?
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses is one of the 54 topics in Neuroscience. It is rated Intermediate, so it suits learners who already know the core vocabulary. Related topics in this area include Neural Development, Neurotransmitters, Neural Circuits and Oscillations.
Can you give an example of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses?
Benzodiazepines enhance GABA-A receptor activity.
What should I learn before Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses?
Work through the Beginner topics in Neuroscience first, such as Nervous System, Neuron, Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, then return to Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses. Intermediate topics assume the Beginner vocabulary.
What topics are related to Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses?
The closest topics to Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses are Neural Development, Neurotransmitters, Neural Circuits and Oscillations, Synaptic Transmission. Comparing them side by side is a good way to see how the ideas connect.
How can I check that I understand Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses?
Read the summary and the in-depth section, then use the quick check on the interactive lesson for Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses. To practise the whole of Neuroscience, use the Neuroscience quiz.
How is Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses different from Neural Development?
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses: Excitatory inputs depolarise the postsynaptic cell while inhibitory ones hyperpolarise it. Neural Development: Neurons are generated, migrate, extend axons and form synapses guided by chemical cues. Read both side by side and note what each one explains.
How should I study Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses step by step?
First, read the summary and write the definition in your own words. Second, read the in-depth section and note any example. Third, compare it with Neural Development and explain the difference aloud. Finally, take the Neuroscience quiz and come back to this page for any question you miss.