Summary
Mobile genetic elements such as integrons and transposons rapidly distribute resistance across species.
In depth
Integrons capture gene cassettes; transposons jump between plasmids and chromosomes; plasmids such as NDM-1 spread resistance globally. Hospitals and sewage are hotspots.
Mobile elements move genes in clinical settings. Surveillance tracks resistance genes. Reducing antibiotic use slows selection.
Example: plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 was found in 2015 and spread globally.
Frequently asked questions
What is Horizontal Resistance Spread?
Mobile genetic elements such as integrons and transposons rapidly distribute resistance across species.
Which area of biology covers Horizontal Resistance Spread, and how advanced is it?
Horizontal Resistance Spread is one of the 54 topics in Microbiology. It is rated Advanced, so it suits learners who want specialist depth. Related topics in this area include Conjugation, Plasmids, Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms.
Can you give an example of Horizontal Resistance Spread?
Carbapenemase genes moved between Klebsiella and E. coli.
What should I learn before Horizontal Resistance Spread?
Work through the Beginner topics in Microbiology first, such as Microorganisms, Bacteria, Archaea, then return to Horizontal Resistance Spread. Advanced topics assume the Intermediate vocabulary.
What topics are related to Horizontal Resistance Spread?
The closest topics to Horizontal Resistance Spread are Conjugation, Plasmids, Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms, Transformation and Transduction. Comparing them side by side is a good way to see how the ideas connect.
How can I check that I understand Horizontal Resistance Spread?
Read the summary and the in-depth section, then use the quick check on the interactive lesson for Horizontal Resistance Spread. To practise the whole of Microbiology, use the Microbiology quiz.
How is Horizontal Resistance Spread different from Conjugation?
Horizontal Resistance Spread: Mobile genetic elements such as integrons and transposons rapidly distribute resistance across species. Conjugation: Direct transfer of DNA, such as a plasmid, between bacterial cells through a pilus. Read both side by side and note what each one explains.
How should I study Horizontal Resistance Spread step by step?
First, read the summary and write the definition in your own words. Second, read the in-depth section and note any example. Third, compare it with Conjugation and explain the difference aloud. Finally, take the Microbiology quiz and come back to this page for any question you miss.